The present disclosure provides a training method and device of a neural network for medical image processing, a medical image processing method and device, and an electronic apparatus for medical image processing based on a neural network. The training method includes performing a pre-processing process on an original image to obtain a pre-processed image, performing a data-augmenting process on the pre-processed image to obtain an augmented image retaining a pathological feature, the augmented image including at least one image with first resolution and at least one image with second resolution being higher than the first resolution, and training the neural network by selecting the image with first resolution and a part-cropping image from the image with second resolution as training samples.