Disclosed herein are methods and systems that can be used by an end-user to verify both the identity of a remote service (4) and the authenticity of a response provided by the remote service (4), even if the first authentication arrangement (2) used to interact with the remote service (4) is compromised. The end-user requests the remote service (4) to provide evidence of its identity, in the form of potentially different authentication materials. The authentication materials are then verified independently on each additional authentication arrangements (6, 7) and used to determine the authenticity of the response from the remote service (4).