Provided are a method and apparatus for operating a blockchain system, a device and a storage medium. The method is described below. To-be-processed blockchain data is acquired through a kernel engine of the blockchain system. The to-be-processed blockchain data is processed through the kernel engine, a consensus component call request is generated according to a consensus component interface during a processing process of the to-be-processed blockchain data, and a corresponding consensus component is called according to the consensus component call request, where the corresponding consensus component is configured to execute a consensus mechanism between blockchain nodes.