A modulation format estimation device 100 includes: a frequency shift correction unit 112 configured to estimate the amount of a frequency shift using a baseband signal acquired from a received signal and correct the baseband signal based on an estimation result; a frequency error generation unit 122 configured to generate a plurality of frequency errors from a range set based on an error occurring in the estimation of the frequency shift amount; a frequency error introduction unit 123 configured to acquire learning baseband signals in which each of a plurality of source signals modulated by different modulation formats is frequency-shifted by each frequency error; and a modulation format estimation unit 113 configured to input a corrected baseband signal to a first machine learning model created by machine learning using learning data including the plurality of learning baseband signals and a label, and estimate a modulation format of the received signal.