A pressure pulse communication system and method during gas drilling are provided. The system includes a downhole solenoid valve module and a sensor module, where the downhole solenoid valve module includes a valve body, a gas inlet, a piston micro-hole, a moving piston, a piston return spring, a piston cylinder, a gas outlet, a piston pressure relief hole, a solenoid valve spring, a solenoid valve, a battery, a pressure balancer, and a rubber seal. The pressure pulse communication system and method generate pressure pulses by changing the internal pressure of a drill pipe, such that a surface pressure sensor continuously receives the pressure pulses, thereby achieving the purpose of acquiring downhole temperature, pressure, and well inclination angle data.