The present disclosure relates to a photosensitive structure and a mobile lighting device. The photosensitive structure includes a head housing, and a metal substrate, a lens, a shading bowl, and a light sensor that are located in the head housing. The metal substrate, the lens, and the light sensor are all fixed in the head housing, and the metal substrate is located between the lens and the light sensor, the metal substrate is electrically connected to the light sensor. The shading bowl is fixed to the metal substrate and located between the metal substrate and the lens. Along a light incoming direction, the photosensitive structure is provided with a light inlet located outside a projection of the shading bowl on the metal substrate, the light sensor is configured to sense an external brightness through the light inlet.