A rebar anchoring system and method are provided. The system includes: a rebar, with an external thread formed on the periphery of at least one end; an anchoring head, with a first perforation and a second perforation disposed respectively at both ends extending axially into the anchoring head and communicating with each other, the inner sides of the first and second perforations being formed respectively with a first internal thread matching with the external thread of the rebar and a second internal thread, and the anchoring head being mounted on the end of the rebar through the first internal thread and the external thread of the rebar; and a bolt, having a screw rod matching with the second internal thread, the screw rod being locked into the second perforation of the anchoring head, and the end of the screw rod pressing against the end of the rebar.