Provided are a terminal protection device and a battery module. The terminal protection device includes a base having a bottom portion and side plates connected to peripheral sides of the bottom portion, the side plates and the bottom portion together form an accommodation cavity, and an input port is in communication with the accommodation cavity; each of the side plates is provided with an input port, through which an output electrode passes; each of the side plates is further provided with a connection port, the connection port is in communication with the accommodation cavity such that an external electric connector can pass through the connection port) and be connected to the output electrode; and a protection plate is provided at the connection port, and the protection plate detachably covers the connection port.