To provide a rider recognition device for a human-powered vehicle and a control system of a human-powered vehicle that improve the usability, a rider recognition device for a human-powered vehicle includes a detector and an artificial intelligence processing unit. The detector detects state information while the human-powered vehicle is traveling. The state information is related to at least one of a state of the human-powered vehicle and a state of a rider of the human-powered vehicle. The artificial intelligence processing unit recognizes the rider corresponding to the state information detected by the detector.