A full-path circuit delay measurement device for a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a measurement method are provided. The measurement device includes two shadow registers and a phase-shifted clock, where the two shadow registers take an output of a measured combinational logic circuit as a clock and sample the phase-shifted clock SCLK as data; the two shadow registers are respectively triggered on rising and falling edges of the output of the measured combinational logic circuit to sample the phase-shifted clock; outputs of the two shadow registers are delivered by an OR gate as an input into a synchronization register; a clock of the synchronization register serves as a clock MCLK of the measured combinational logic circuit; an output of the synchronization register serves as that of the circuit delay measurement device; the phase-shifted clock SCLK and the clock MCLK of the measured combinational logic circuit have the same frequency.