The present application discloses a terminal structure for conduction cooling high temperature superconducting cable, comprising: a cable terminal body; a terminal thermal insulation shell, in which a vacuum thermal insulation cavity is formed, and the cable terminal body being arranged in the vacuum thermal insulation cavity; a refrigeration mechanism comprising a refrigeration output part extending into the vacuum thermal insulation cavity, and the refrigeration output part being connected to the cable terminal body through a cooling-conducting structure. The terminal structure provided by the present application cools the high-temperature superconducting cable by means of conduction cooling of a refrigerator without operations of low-temperature liquid transportation and supplementary, and can operate for a long time without regular maintenance, reduce the heat leakage of the cable terminal, improve the utilization efficiency of the cooling capacity of the refrigerator, and effectively ensure the stable operation of the cable for a long time.