A semantic understanding method and apparatus, and a device and a storage medium are provided. The method includes: acquiring a recognition character string that matches speech information; acquiring, from an entity vocabulary library, at least one entity vocabulary respectively corresponding to each recognition character in the recognition character string; and according to a situation of each entity vocabulary hitting the recognition character string, determining a matching entity vocabulary as a semantic understanding result of the speech information. By means of the method, insofar as a completely matching entity vocabulary is not acquired, a matching entity vocabulary can still be determined according to an entity vocabulary library, and semantic information of speech is thus accurately understood; and the method also has relatively high fault tolerance for situations such as wrong words, added words, and omitted words, such that the semantic understanding accuracy of speech information is improved.