The present invention relates to the technical field of digital image processing, and provides an ellipse detection acceleration method based on generalized Pascal mapping. The method comprises: step 100, extracting accurate edge points from a real image by means an edge detection method of an ellipse detection method, connecting edge points into arcs, and taking a de-noised arc set as input of an ellipse detection acceleration method; step 200, screening out a valid candidate arc combinations probably belonging to the same ellipse from the arc set input in step 100; step 300, calculating five parameters of a candidate ellipse; repeating step 200 to step 300 until all valid candidate arc combinations in the arc set and corresponding candidate ellipses are found; and step 400, clustering and verifying candidate ellipse sets, obtaining a final detected ellipse set.