A filter device has a housing (3, 5) and a filter element (23) that can be received in the housing in a replaceable manner. The housing and filter element engage with at least two key parts (53, 56, 58) or lock parts. The lock parts (57) or key parts of the housing (3, 5) are associated with each other respectively in pairs in an engaged manner, as a coding and/or setting and/or functional structure and/or reproduction protection.