A temperature demodulation method oriented toward a distributed fiber Raman temperature sensing system, the method comprising the following steps: step 1 of constructing a high-precision temperature detection device oriented towards a distributed fiber Raman sensing system; step 2 of performing signal processing with respect to Stokes light and anti-Stokes light at a calibration stage; step 3 of performing signal processing with respect to Stokes light and the anti-Stokes light at a measurement stage; and step 4 of obtaining a high-precision temperature demodulation technique oriented toward the distributed fiber Raman sensor. The method is used to effectively resolve the issue of low temperature measuring accuracy caused by Rayleigh crosstalk in existing distributed fiber Raman temperature measurement systems, and temperature measurement accuracy thereof is expected to fall within ±0.1° C. The method is applicable to distributed fiber Raman temperature measurement systems.