A storage controller is coupled to a memory, and the memory includes a first storage area and a second storage area. The storage controller includes a data migration circuit and a data operation determining circuit. The data migration circuit is configured to generate a migration signal, to migrate data in the first storage area to the second storage area. In a process in which the data migration circuit migrates all the data in the first storage area to the second storage area, the data operation determining circuit is configured to: receive and monitor a data operation signal input to the memory, and output a data migration failure signal when detecting that the data operation signal is a data modify signal with respect to the first storage area.