Provided is a traffic sign recognition method based on a lightweight neural network, which including: a lightweight neural network model is constructed for training and pruning to obtain a lightweight neural network model; the lightweight neural network model comprises a convolution feature extraction part and a classifier part; the convolution feature extraction part includes one layer of conventional 3×3 convolution and 16 layers of separable asymmetric convolution. The classifier part includes three layers of separable full connection modules.