Provided are an imaging device and an imaging method that can suppress a difference in appearance caused by a difference between the polarization directions of received light in a case in which different images are generated on the basis of light having different polarization directions, have flexibility in the design of the polarization direction of light forming different images, and can generate a plurality of images having a uniform amount of light. An imaging device (1) includes: an imaging optical system (10); a first polarizer that aligns a polarization direction of light transmitted through a first pupil region (E1) and a second pupil region (E2); a wave plate (14) that converts the light into circularly or elliptically polarized light; a second polarizer that transmits light in a second polarization direction different from the first polarization direction; a third polarizer that transmits light in a third polarization direction different from the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction; an imaging element (100) that has a plurality of pixel units receiving the light transmitted through the first pupil region and the second pupil region; and an image generation unit.