A fingerprint anti-counterfeiting method and an electronic device are provided. The fingerprint anti-counterfeiting method includes: After detecting a fingerprint input action of a user, an electronic device obtains a fingerprint image generated by the fingerprint input action, and obtains a vibration-sound signal generated by the fingerprint input action. The device determines, based on a fingerprint anti-counterfeiting model, whether the fingerprint input action is performed by a true finger. The fingerprint anti-counterfeiting model is a multi-dimensional network model obtained through learning based on fingerprint images for training and corresponding vibration-sound signals. The fingerprint anti-counterfeiting method in embodiments of this application helps improve a protection capability of the electronic device for a fake fingerprint attack.