The present invention discloses a method and system for evaluating road safety based on multi-dimensional influencing factors, and relates to the field of road safety technologies. Based on historical traffic data and corresponding safety influencing factors, safety evaluation models in different dimensions are respectively constructed, and road safety risk exposure is classified flexibly. The safety evaluation models in macro and micro dimensions are linked by using a constraint function, and influence mechanisms of the safety influencing factors are determined respectively. Specifically, a safety evaluation model is constructed and obtained for each sub-region in a limited region range. The safety evaluation model is applied to obtain influencing factors of safety of each traffic road in the sub-region, and safety evaluation is performed on the sub-region. Through the technical solutions of the present invention, an accurate, comprehensive, objective method for evaluating road safety that reflects authentic influence data is provided, which has a wider application scope.