Embodiments of this application relate to the field of image processing and display technologies, and provide a method for image processing based on vertical synchronization signals and an electronic device, to shorten a response latency of the electronic device and improve fluency (such as a touch latency) of the electronic device. A specific solution includes: drawing, by the electronic device, one or more first layers in response to a first vertical synchronization signal, and rendering the one or more first layers, and after rendering the one or more first layers, performing layer composing on the rendered one or more first layers to obtain a first image frame; and refreshing and displaying the first image frame in response to a second vertical synchronization signal.