An optical modulation element that can be housed in the same housing together with an electronic circuit is implemented without deteriorating the high-frequency characteristics and the optical modulation characteristics and without increasing a size of the housing. An optical modulation element includes two Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides that are provided on a substrate, a branched waveguide that branches input light which is input from an outside of the substrate into two light beams, two connection waveguides that respectively guide the light beams branched by the branched waveguide to the two Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides, and electrodes that respectively control optical waves propagating in optical waveguides configuring the two Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides, in which respective parallel waveguides of the two Mach-Zehnder type optical waveguides are configured to extend along one side of the substrate, the branched waveguide is disposed such that light is input from a direction of the one side, and the branched waveguide is formed to be line-symmetrical with respect to a propagation direction of the light input to the branched waveguide and to output the two branched light beams in a direction different from the propagation direction.