Specification covers new algorithms, methods, and systems for: Artificial Intelligence; the first application of General-AI (versus Specific, Vertical, or Narrow-AI) (as humans can do) (which also includes Explainable-AI or XAI); addition of reasoning, inference, and cognitive layers/engines to learning module/engine/layer; soft computing; Information Principle; Stratification; Incremental Enlargement Principle; deep-level/detailed recognition, e.g., image recognition (e.g., for action, gesture, emotion, expression, biometrics, fingerprint, tilted or partial-face, OCR, relationship, position, pattern, and object); Big Data analytics; machine learning; crowd-sourcing; classification; clustering; SVM; similarity measures; Enhanced Boltzmann Machines; Enhanced Convolutional Neural Networks; optimization; search engine; ranking; semantic web; context analysis; question-answering system; soft, fuzzy, or un-sharp boundaries/impreciseness/ambiguities/fuzziness in class or set, e.g., for language analysis; Natural Language Processing (NLP); Computing-with-Words (CWW); parsing; machine translation; music, sound, speech, or speaker recognition; video search and analysis (e.g. “intelligent tracking”, with detailed recognition); image annotation; image or color correction; data reliability; Z-Number; Z-Web; Z-Factor; rules engine; playing games; control system; autonomous vehicles or drones; self-diagnosis and self-repair robots; system diagnosis; medical diagnosis/images; genetics; drug discovery; biomedicine; data mining; event prediction; financial forecasting (e.g., for stocks); economics; risk assessment; fraud detection (e.g., for cryptocurrency); e-mail management; database management; indexing and join operation; memory management; data compression; event-centric social network; social behavior; drone/satellite vision/navigation; smart city/home/appliances/IoT; and Image Ad and Referral Networks, for e-commerce, e.g., 3D shoe recognition, from any view angle.