Disclosed are a method for performing beam failure detection in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor. Specifically, a method for performing beam failure detection by means of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: receiving a reference signal (RS) from a base station; determining whether a beam fails by measuring the reference signal; and transmitting, to the base station, the determination result on whether the beam fails, wherein by separating a case i) in which the base station does not transmit the reference signal from a case ii) in which the quality of the reference signal transmitted by the base station does not satisfy a specific threshold range, the step of determining whether the beam fails may be determined to be a beam failure only in the case ii).