This application describes a medical image classification method, a model training method, and a server. The medical image classification method includes: obtaining, by a device, a medical image data set. The device includes a memory storing instructions and a processor in communication with the memory. The method includes performing, by the device, quality analysis on the medical image data set, to extract feature information of a medical image in the medical image data set; and classifying, by the device, the medical image data set based on the feature information and by using a pre-trained deep learning network for performing anomaly detection and classification, to obtain a classification result.