An electronic device according to various embodiments comprises a communication module, a sensor module, a wireless charging antenna, a wireless charging module connected to the wireless charging antenna, and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to: receive a signal related to wireless charging from an external device through the communication module; check information indicating the degree of proximity between at least a part of a human body and the electronic device by using the sensor module at least on the basis of the signal; transmit, to the external device, data for adjusting wireless power to be output by the external device at least on the basis of the information; and receive the adjusted wireless power from the external device through the wireless charging module.