The present disclosure relates to a technical field for airborne navigation and discloses a data acquisition system and method for airborne navigation devices based on unmanned aerial vehicle. The system includes an unmanned aerial vehicle flight control system, a navigation devices test antenna array, a multi-channel signal processing module, a signal acquisition module, an ADS-B transmitting module, a GNSS receiver, a UHF data link receiver, a power module and a ground station. The unmanned aerial vehicle is equipped with corresponding modules to receive signals from ground navigation devices, perform corresponding processing and storage, and transmit data to the ground, at the same time, receive control instructions sent by the ground to complete corresponding monitoring, analysis and inspection.