A utility pole deterioration detection system includes a cable (20) disposed in a utility pole (10), the cable (20) containing a communication optical fiber, a receiving unit (331) configured to receive an optical signal containing a pattern that changes according to a deterioration state of the utility pole (10) from at least one optical fiber contained in the cable (20), and a detection unit (332) configured to detect a deterioration state of the utility pole (10) based on the pattern.