A screw capping device for a test tube is provided. The device comprises a grasping unit configured to grasp a test tube cap and a rotating unit. The rotating unit includes a clamping assembly and a rotating assembly. The clamping assembly includes a test tube chamber used to accommodate a test tube body. A test tube pad with an inclined plane is disposed at the bottom of the test tube body. The rotating assembly includes a rotating shaft configured to drive the test tube chamber to rotate. The clamping assembly further includes a cage and cylindrical rollers. Gradient cavities are formed between the cage and the test tube chamber. The cylindrical rollers are located in the gradient cavities. The cylindrical rollers abut against and are pressed against the test tube body from a state where there is a gap between the test tube body and the cylindrical rollers.