The present disclosure provides a superconducting power generation device and a power generation method. The device includes a superconductor, a conductive coil, a permanent magnet and a cooling medium. When ambient temperature is lower than its superconducting critical temperature, the superconductor, made of the second-type superconducting material, is capable of generating a magnetic levitation force to an outer permanent magnet and levitate it. When an external force is applied to the permanent magnet, its position changes compared to the conductive coil, which affects the magnetic flux passing through the coil and induces the generation of electromotive force in the coil, thereby converting mechanical energy to electric energy. By using the device provided by the present disclosure, the conversion from the mechanical energy to the electric energy in an ultra-low temperature environment can be achieved, and thus, problems about energy sources on low-temperature celestial bodies in extrasolar systems are solved.