Systems and methods for natural language processing are described. One or more embodiments of the present disclosure identify a claim from a document, wherein the claim corresponds to a topic, create a graph comprising a plurality of nodes having a plurality of node types and a plurality of edges having a plurality of edge types, wherein one of the nodes represents the claim, and wherein each of the edges represents a relationship between a corresponding pair of the nodes, encode the claim based on the graph using a graph convolutional network (GCN) to obtain an encoded claim, classify the claim by decoding the encoded claim to obtain a stance label that indicates a stance of the claim towards the topic, and transmit information indicating a viewpoint of the document towards the topic based on the stance label.