A data processing method includes: acquiring first image data including pixel values that are arranged consecutively and divided into data blocks, each data block occupying one byte and including at least one pixel value; and compressing, according to at least one compression parameter, at least one data set to be compressed in the first image data into a corresponding compression unit, so as to obtain second image data including the compression unit. The data set to be compressed includes at least two data groups arranged consecutively and identical. Each data group includes a single data block or at least two data blocks arranged consecutively. The at least one compression parameter includes a first length configured to represent the number of at least one data block in a data group. The compression unit includes one data group and a second length configured to represent the number of data groups.