A display substrate and a display panel. The display substrate includes: a base substrate; and a plurality of sub-pixels on the base substrate, each of the plurality of sub-pixels includes a light-emitting element and a pixel circuit for driving the light-emitting element to emit light, the pixel circuit includes a driving sub-circuit, a data writing sub-circuit, a threshold compensation sub-circuit, a current-leakage prevention sub-circuit and a storage sub-circuit; the storage sub-circuit includes a storage capacitor, the storage capacitor includes a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate and a third electrode plate, the first electrode plate and the third electrode plate are electrically connected to each other and are in different layers with respect to the base substrate, and the second electrode plate at least partially overlaps the first electrode plate and the third electrode plate in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate.