Disclosed is a debris flow anti-collision device with a high-speed water curtain for a mountain bridge. A pressurizer is fixedly installed in a groove of a base; the pressurizer is communicated with high-speed water curtain spray pipe components, and each high-speed water curtain spray pipe component penetrates through a side wall of the base and communicates with an outside; the base rotates with several groups of spoilers, an outer side of the base is fixedly provided with several groups of energy dissipation components, and a connecting bar is detachably connected between each group of energy dissipation components and the base; rear ends of the base are detachably connected with baffles; and the pressurizer is communicated with a water storage tank.