An electronic device may include a first housing, a second housing configured to accommodate at least a part of the first housing and guide sliding movement of the first housing, a flexible display including a first display area coupled to the first housing and a second display area extending from the first display area, a gear disposed inside the second housing and configured to move the flexible display, a motor configured to rotate the gear, at least one sensor, and at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured to identify a state of the electronic device including at least one of a battery current, a battery voltage, an internal consumption current, a battery level, or an electronic device temperature, based on information sensed through the at least one sensor, and control a speed of the motor or discontinue driving of the motor based on the state of the electronic device.