Systems and methods are disclosed for automatically predicting a risk score of a user login attempt by receiving a user login attempt and generating a login feature vector associated with the user login attempt. The systems and methods further train a machine learning technique to establish a relationship between the login feature vector and the risk score. The trained machine learning technique is applied to new user login attempts to predict a risk score associated with the login attempt and issue an authentication challenge to the user if the risk score exceeds a predetermined threshold value.