A quick-release wing structure includes a lock cylinder assembly and a lock head. The lock cylinder assembly is installed in the fuselage. The lock cylinder assembly includes a shell and a lock plate. An installation slot is opened inside the shell. The side wall of the installation slot is provided with a clamping hole connected with the installation slot. The lock plate is sliding and arranged in the installation slot. The lock head is installed in the wing. A locking slot is set on the periphery of the lock head. The lock head can pass through the clamping hole and drive the lock plate to move. When the locking slot is facing the lock plate, the lock head is clamped onto the locking slot and fixed. The UAV includes the quick-release wing structure described above.