An electronic device according to an embodiment disclosed herein may include a communication circuit, a processor; and a memory configured to be operatively connected to the processor. The memory according to an embodiment may store instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to: recognize an area comprising at least part of a face in an image to be transmitted to an external device; generate perturbation data about the recognized area based on a machine learning model stored in the memory; apply the perturbation data to the recognized area; and transmit the image to which the perturbation data has been applied to the external device. Various other embodiments are possible.