The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. The disclosure relates to a method and device for providing an augmented reality (AR) service in a communication system. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes generating ambient environment information including at least one piece of information obtained based on an ambient environment of the UE; establishing a session for receiving an AR service description from an application server; receiving, from the application server, the AR service description including pipeline information indicating a transmission path related to the AR service and result information about at least one process requested by the UE; and transmitting the ambient environment information to the application server and receiving at least one media segment of an AR content from the application server based on the ambient environment information.