A liquid lens that includes: a lens body comprising a first window, a second window, and a cavity disposed between the first window and the second window; and a first liquid and a second liquid within the cavity of the lens body, the first liquid and the second liquid substantially immiscible with each other and having different refractive indices such that an interface between the first liquid and second liquid to form a lens. The sidewall of the cavity has an average surface roughness (Ra) of less than or equal to 200 nanometers (nm). The cavity is disposed within a plate. Further, each of the windows and the plate comprises a glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic composition. In addition, a linearity of a first bottom portion of the sidewall in proximity to the base of the plate can be from 0 μm±5 μm.