A random access method includes: a terminal receiving a system message sent by an access network device, the system message comprising first indication information and second indication information, the first indication information being used for indicating a first time-frequency resource for sending a preamble in an access message, and the second indication information being used for indicating a second time-frequency resource for sending a load in the access message; the terminal sending the preamble on the first time-frequency resource; and the terminal scrambling the load in the access message according to an RNTI, and sending the scrambled load on the second time-frequency resource.