Disclosed herein are an object recognition apparatus and method based on environment matching. The object recognition apparatus includes memory for storing at least one program, and a processor for executing the program, wherein the program performs extracting at least one key frame from a video that is input in real time, determining a similarity between the key frame extracted from the input video and each of videos used as training data of prestored multiple recognition models, based on a pretrained similarity-matching network, and selecting a recognition model pretrained with a video having a maximal similarity to the key frame extracted from the input video, preprocessing the input video such that at least one of color and size of a video used as training data of an initial model is similar to that of the input video, and recognizing the preprocessed video based on the initial model.