Disclosed is an electronic device comprising: a gyro sensor; an acceleration sensor for outputting acceleration data about motion of the electronic device; a geomagnetic sensor for outputting geomagnetic data about a magnetic field around the electronic device; and a low-power processor electrically connected to the gyro sensor, the acceleration sensor and the geomagnetic sensor. The low-power processor: operates the acceleration sensor while the gyro sensor is deactivated to determine a motion pattern of the electronic device; drives the geomagnetic sensor to acquire geomagnetic data such that, if the motion of the electronic device corresponds to a predetermined first motion pattern, the geomagnetic data is acquired at a first sample rate, and, if the motion corresponds to a predetermined second motion pattern, the geomagnetic data is acquired at a second sample rate higher than the first sample rate; and calibrates the geomagnetic sensor on the basis of the geomagnetic data.