The present invention relates to a method for producing fine hydrophobically modified cellulose fibers wherein anionic group-containing anionically modified cellulose fibers are bound to a modifying group, the method including subjecting hydrophobically modified cellulose fibers having an average fiber length of 1 μm or more and 1,000 μm or less to a finely pulverizing treatment in an organic solvent. The fine hydrophobically modified cellulose fibers obtained by the method for production of the present invention can be suitably used in various resin manufactured articles for daily sundries, household electric appliance parts, wrapping materials for household electric appliance parts, and various industrial applications such as automobile parts.