Disclosed is a display substrate, comprising a first substrate (100) and a second substrate (200) which are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer (300) which is arranged between the first substrate (100) and the second substrate (200). The first substrate (100) is provided with a first conductive layer and a first light-shielding layer which comprises a plurality of first light-shielding structures (111), and the second substrate is provided with a second conductive layer and a second light-shielding layer which comprises a plurality of second light-shielding structures (211). The first conductive layer comprises at least one first electrode (31) and at least one second electrode (32) which are alternately arranged in a second direction. The second conductive layer comprises at least one third electrode (33) arranged in a first direction. The display substrate comprises a plurality of pixel structures.