An image decoding method, according to the present document, comprises the steps of: deriving residual samples by applying at least one among LFNST or MTS to a transform coefficient; and generating a reconstructed picture on the basis of the residual samples, wherein the LFNST is carried out on the basis of a LFNST index indicating a LFNST kernel, the MTS is carried out on the basis of a MTS index indicating a MTS kernel, the MTS index is parsed on the basis that the color index of the current block is a luma component, and the LFNST index may be parsed regardless of the color index of the current block.