A method and device for performing beam failure recovery in a wireless communication system. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system may include: based on a beam failure being detected for at least one of two beam failure detection (BFD)-reference signal (RS) sets configured for at least one serving cell among a plurality of serving cells, triggering at least one beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure for the at least one of the two BFD-RS sets; based on the at least one BFR being triggered and not cancelled for a first secondary cell (SCell) among the at least one serving cell, generating an enhanced BFR media access control (MAC)-control element (CE) based on at least one available uplink-shared channel (UL-SCH) resource; and transmitting, to a base station, the enhanced BFR MAC-CE.