The present disclosure provides a data acquisition and control system of pulsed power supply for multi-load, and relates to the technical field of pulsed power. The system of the present disclosure is configured to control 18 sets of pulsed power supplies to provide 18 coils with stable and reliable excitation current featuring multiple output time sequences and flexible adjustability, such that a near-earth space plasma environment ground-based simulation device can simulate the magnetic field topology of the earth magnetosphere and realize a background magnetic field required by physical experiments. The system mainly achieves the following functions: control over charge and discharge of pulsed power supplies, selection of power supplies put in use, “delay trigger” setting, voltage monitoring, status monitoring of key components and output current display; and it is also necessary to realize failure alarm and failure handling for the purpose of ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel.