Provided is a channel identification method. The method includes: acquiring channel data of a terminal; constructing a first feature vector based on the channel data, where the first feature vector represents a numerical value set of cross-correlation values, which change along with time intervals, between channel data at different moments and the channel data themselves and between the channel data at different moments and subsequent channel data at different time intervals; and inputting the first feature vector into a predetermined prediction model to predict a speed of the terminal, or to predict a speed type of a cluster to which the terminal belongs. Further provided are an adaptive transmission method and apparatus based on the channel identification method, a transmission device, a base station, and a computer storage medium.