An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first housing, a second housing foldable with respect to the first housing around a first folding axis, a third housing foldable with respect to the second housing around a second folding axis, a first sensor configured to detect a first folding state with respect to the first housing and the second housing, a second sensor configured to detect a second folding state with respect to the second housing and the third housing, at least one input device configured to acquire authentication information for performing user authentication according to a plurality of user authentication schemes, and at least one processor connected to the first sensor, the second sensor, and the at least one input device, wherein the at least one processor determines a user authentication scheme from among the plurality of user authentication schemes based on a folding state of the electronic device according to the first folding state and the second folding state, and controls, among the at least one input device, an input device corresponding to the determined user authentication scheme so as to acquire the authentication information.